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Spondylolisthesis (spon-di-loh-lis-thee-sis) is a condition where one vertebra has slipped forward over another one below it. This misalignment typically occurs as a result of degenerative changes, stress fractures or congenital abnormalities; in rare cases, it results from a tumor or trauma. Degenerative spondylolisthesis is a consequence of the aging process where the bones, joints and ligaments in the spine grow weakened and become less able to maintain the alignment of the spinal column. This type of spondylolisthesis typically occurs at one of two levels in the lumbar spine:
L4-L5 (most common)
L3-L4
Degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in people over age 50, and in particular, among individuals over age 65. Women are two-to-three times as likely as men to be diagnosed. Spondylolisthesis can cause impingement of the nerves and/or fatigue of the back muscles, and may result in lower back and/or leg pain.
Diagnosing spondylolisthesis:
Your doctor will perform a physical examination to identify areas of pain and weakness and will evaluate your balance and the overall movement of your spine. Your doctor will also collect information about the history of your symptoms, including medicine you have taken for your condition. After your examination, your doctor may use tests to help establish his or her diagnosis. Some of these tests may include X-ray, CT (computed tomography) scan and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Together, all of these techniques may help to confirm a diagnosis of spondylolisthesis.
SYMPTOMS of degenerative spondylolisthesis:
- Lower back and/or leg pain
- Sciatica, an aching pain in the hips, buttocks, and lower back that radiates (spreads) into the back of the thighs and legs
- A shuffling gait when walking
- Weakness in the lower extremities
- Abnormal posture